The shallot Culture
Shallots (Allium cepa L) is a perennial, annual driving culture. It is native to Asia and Eastern Europe. In Morocco, the main producing regions are those of the onion (Sais, Tadla, Doukkala ...). The consumed part is the bulb (SALW: 2- 4 cm diameter). The bulb plays a role in lowering blood pressure and in the appetite stimulation. The oil extracted from the seeds has a bactericidal effect.
Ecological requirements:
The plant is cold season. The same onion requirements also apply to shallots. Culture withstands partial shade and drought. It is very rustic and resistant to frost.
Plant varieties and culture:
There are two types of bulbs: red type group multiplying by division of bulbs (eg varieties: Red Shallot and red) and multiplying by seed group (Atlas, Ambition, Matador and Prizma) and the yellow type comprising in turn varieties that multiply by dividing bulbs (Grisella Dutch and Yellow) and varieties that are propagated by seeds (Bonilla and Créatio). The bulbs can be planted in autumn (September) or spring (March-June), but the fall planting result, in general, the formation of unwanted flower stalks (must be removed). Planting is done at distances 0.1 mx 0.5 m between rows or plates (bowls 2-4 lines). 250- 300 kg of used bulbs for plants necessary for planting a ha. Like onion, producing small bulbs made from seeds or bulbs Wholesale mothers divided. The production of large bulbs are made from small bulbs.
Irrigation, fertilization, pest control and tending:
Virtually the same maintenance of the onion crop is needed to shallot. It reduces the water supply to the approach of the maturation. They bring 20-30 tons / ha of manure and 120 + 100 + 100 kg / ha, respectively N, P2O5 and K2O. Nitrogen should be split into two or three intakes. Treated against thrips, spider, rots and nematodes (use conventional pesticides malathion, Bravo, and Ridomil Benlate).
Harvest and storage:
The harvest looks like onion (wilting and destruction of the aerial part, grubbing ressuyage). One can spend a foliar spray germination inhibitor-growth, maleic hydrazide (2 kg / ha) at the stage ripe bulbs, 15-20 days before harvest. This product increases the shelf life of the bulbs (do not use on seeds). In conservation, we must choose a ventilated, cold (0- 4 ° C). You must file the bulbs on their shelves to avoid compaction and promote their ventilation.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
Shallots (Allium cepa L) is a perennial, annual driving culture. It is native to Asia and Eastern Europe. In Morocco, the main producing regions are those of the onion (Sais, Tadla, Doukkala ...). The consumed part is the bulb (SALW: 2- 4 cm diameter). The bulb plays a role in lowering blood pressure and in the appetite stimulation. The oil extracted from the seeds has a bactericidal effect.
Ecological requirements:
The plant is cold season. The same onion requirements also apply to shallots. Culture withstands partial shade and drought. It is very rustic and resistant to frost.
Plant varieties and culture:
There are two types of bulbs: red type group multiplying by division of bulbs (eg varieties: Red Shallot and red) and multiplying by seed group (Atlas, Ambition, Matador and Prizma) and the yellow type comprising in turn varieties that multiply by dividing bulbs (Grisella Dutch and Yellow) and varieties that are propagated by seeds (Bonilla and Créatio). The bulbs can be planted in autumn (September) or spring (March-June), but the fall planting result, in general, the formation of unwanted flower stalks (must be removed). Planting is done at distances 0.1 mx 0.5 m between rows or plates (bowls 2-4 lines). 250- 300 kg of used bulbs for plants necessary for planting a ha. Like onion, producing small bulbs made from seeds or bulbs Wholesale mothers divided. The production of large bulbs are made from small bulbs.
Irrigation, fertilization, pest control and tending:
Virtually the same maintenance of the onion crop is needed to shallot. It reduces the water supply to the approach of the maturation. They bring 20-30 tons / ha of manure and 120 + 100 + 100 kg / ha, respectively N, P2O5 and K2O. Nitrogen should be split into two or three intakes. Treated against thrips, spider, rots and nematodes (use conventional pesticides malathion, Bravo, and Ridomil Benlate).
Harvest and storage:
The harvest looks like onion (wilting and destruction of the aerial part, grubbing ressuyage). One can spend a foliar spray germination inhibitor-growth, maleic hydrazide (2 kg / ha) at the stage ripe bulbs, 15-20 days before harvest. This product increases the shelf life of the bulbs (do not use on seeds). In conservation, we must choose a ventilated, cold (0- 4 ° C). You must file the bulbs on their shelves to avoid compaction and promote their ventilation.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
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