The culture of Jerusalem artichoke
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L) is a perennial plant native to North America and belonging to the family Compositae. The consumed part is the rhizome that is rich in protein and non-crystallizing sugars (Inulin). In Morocco, the culture is popular but it is practiced on small areas for commercial reasons (poor absorption by the market).
Soil and climatic requirements:
The plant is cold season, resistant to cold and frost. It tolerates drought but fears the excess water and asphyxiation. It has almost the same requirements as the potato, light, water, soil and temperature. The optimal pH range of soil is wide (5,5 8,5).
Varieties, planting and soil work:
The varieties used in Morocco are local varieties (common white, red common, time pink or red). Planting takes place in spring (March-April) for a fall harvest. The rhizomes are planted at distances of 0,7- 0,8 mx 0,4 m 0.3-.
Maintenance culture:
The same maintenance required to potato is also valid for the Jerusalem artichoke. Water should be provided regularly to get good yields. Fertilization can be reduced to a manure intake (30-40 t / ha) or a moderate intake of manure (in low availability) + 80, 120, 200 kg / ha, respectively for N, P2O5 and K2O. Should be monitored insects (grubs and mole cricket) and sclerotinia (then reduce nitrogen inputs).
Harvest and storage:
Harvesting is done according to market needs. They pluck the rhizomes for sale leaving in place those who will ensure the continuity of culture. The obtained average yield up to 15 t / ha without damaging the Culture Faculty recovery. The same storage conditions for the potatoes are required for Jerusalem artichoke, but the shelf life is much shorter (1 month).
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L) is a perennial plant native to North America and belonging to the family Compositae. The consumed part is the rhizome that is rich in protein and non-crystallizing sugars (Inulin). In Morocco, the culture is popular but it is practiced on small areas for commercial reasons (poor absorption by the market).
Soil and climatic requirements:
The plant is cold season, resistant to cold and frost. It tolerates drought but fears the excess water and asphyxiation. It has almost the same requirements as the potato, light, water, soil and temperature. The optimal pH range of soil is wide (5,5 8,5).
Varieties, planting and soil work:
The varieties used in Morocco are local varieties (common white, red common, time pink or red). Planting takes place in spring (March-April) for a fall harvest. The rhizomes are planted at distances of 0,7- 0,8 mx 0,4 m 0.3-.
Maintenance culture:
The same maintenance required to potato is also valid for the Jerusalem artichoke. Water should be provided regularly to get good yields. Fertilization can be reduced to a manure intake (30-40 t / ha) or a moderate intake of manure (in low availability) + 80, 120, 200 kg / ha, respectively for N, P2O5 and K2O. Should be monitored insects (grubs and mole cricket) and sclerotinia (then reduce nitrogen inputs).
Harvest and storage:
Harvesting is done according to market needs. They pluck the rhizomes for sale leaving in place those who will ensure the continuity of culture. The obtained average yield up to 15 t / ha without damaging the Culture Faculty recovery. The same storage conditions for the potatoes are required for Jerusalem artichoke, but the shelf life is much shorter (1 month).
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
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