Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L) is a perennial plant, but that behaves as an annual plant that belongs to the nightshade family. In tropical countries, it is a perennial plant as a shrub. Eggplant is native to India. This is a very ancient culture; the plant has not experienced any changes since 2-3 thousand years: the plants described by ancient writers are almost the same as those we know today. The nutritional quality of the fruit is average; it is between that of the pepper and tomato. In Morocco, the culture is practiced in Souss-Massa, Rabat, Gharb and elsewhere in the country.
Amid Requirements:
The requirements of eggplant heat are larger than those of the tomato and pepper. Culture is more sensitive to lower temperatures than the pepper. Its optimum growth is 27 ° C. The requirements in light and soil are the same as for other solanaceous fruits (cf technique of cultivation pepper sheet).
Varieties, sowing, planting and soil work:
The varieties used in Morocco are diverse but do not exhibit resistance to most diseases. In the US, they are almost all determined (American Black Bell, Black Beauty, Japaneese Millionaire little Italian Finger). The multiplication of the eggplant is done exclusively by plant, even in field crops (season or scoop). The plants must be produced in order to be successful nursery culture. The maintenance of the nursery is the same as for pepper. The seed is small (200-250 seeds / gram). The germination can be kept 5-6 years. Planting dates are:
* Culture late season (greenhouse or field): sowing in July.
* Scoop of Culture (field): sowing in January-February.
* Seasonal Culture (field): sowing in March-May
* Culture in greenhouses: seedlings in October-December.
The installation of the culture is the same as for the pepper. Tending are also the same (soil preparation, planting, fertilization, irrigation, fertigation, tying, staking, budding, phytosanitary treatments ... etc).
Harvest:
Fruits are firmly attached to the plant; it is recommended to use a knife or pruning shears for harvesting. This must be carried out regularly in order to promote the fruiting branches. The number of harvests can reach 15-20 times. Yield will vary greatly depending on the variety, region of production, the type of culture and maintenance. It can reach 40 T for field crops and 80 -150 T for greenhouse growing.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
Amid Requirements:
The requirements of eggplant heat are larger than those of the tomato and pepper. Culture is more sensitive to lower temperatures than the pepper. Its optimum growth is 27 ° C. The requirements in light and soil are the same as for other solanaceous fruits (cf technique of cultivation pepper sheet).
Varieties, sowing, planting and soil work:
The varieties used in Morocco are diverse but do not exhibit resistance to most diseases. In the US, they are almost all determined (American Black Bell, Black Beauty, Japaneese Millionaire little Italian Finger). The multiplication of the eggplant is done exclusively by plant, even in field crops (season or scoop). The plants must be produced in order to be successful nursery culture. The maintenance of the nursery is the same as for pepper. The seed is small (200-250 seeds / gram). The germination can be kept 5-6 years. Planting dates are:
* Culture late season (greenhouse or field): sowing in July.
* Scoop of Culture (field): sowing in January-February.
* Seasonal Culture (field): sowing in March-May
* Culture in greenhouses: seedlings in October-December.
The installation of the culture is the same as for the pepper. Tending are also the same (soil preparation, planting, fertilization, irrigation, fertigation, tying, staking, budding, phytosanitary treatments ... etc).
Harvest:
Fruits are firmly attached to the plant; it is recommended to use a knife or pruning shears for harvesting. This must be carried out regularly in order to promote the fruiting branches. The number of harvests can reach 15-20 times. Yield will vary greatly depending on the variety, region of production, the type of culture and maintenance. It can reach 40 T for field crops and 80 -150 T for greenhouse growing.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
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