The cultivation of turnip
Turnip (Brassica napus L; Brassica rapa L; Brassica campestris L) is a biennial plant roots, native to southern Europe and belongs to the botanical family Brassicaceae or crucifers. The consumed part is the fleshy root. The vegetable is rich in Calcium and Vitamin K. In Morocco, the crop is produced everywhere, in the same sites as the carrot, in general.
Pedoclimatic preferences:
Turnip is a cool season crop. The optimum growth is 27 ° C but good growth remains between 10 and 20 ° C. The plant is frost resistant. Long exposure of the culture to cold (temperature below 10 ° C) causes vernalization and bolting. High temperatures reduce the quality of the roots and increase the intensity of their scent. Culture has a wide adaptation to different soils, but prefers a well-drained soil, not rocky, without obstacles in depth. Ideally, a sandy loam soil. The culture tolerates a slight excess of boron, meets the contributions of Mn and Cu. It does not tolerate high salinity. The optimum pH of the soil is of 6 to 6.8.
Varieties, tillage and seeding:
The main varieties used in Morocco are Nantaise force; Hammer; Golden yellow ball; Blanc de Croissy; White globe with green collar. The main varieties are American and Royal Crown Purple Top White Globe. The spread is sexed (for seed); Direct sowing is ultimately up. The number of seeds per gram of seed is from 240-360. Sowing is done throughout the year except December-January (risk of vernalization and bolting). Plowing should be deep. Soil leveling facilitates a homogeneous lifted. Rolling the soil provides a good uniformity of wetting of seeds and germination. Making bowls is a common practice for the cultivation of turnip. The need for seed is 5-6 kg / ha. The arrangement of plants in the field is: Cups of 5 lines, 20 cm apart (between rows); 60 cm between cuvettes; 5- 8 cm between plants in the row. Planting density obtained is 40,000-60,000 plants / ha. Sowing is usually scaled to cope with the market.
Irrigation and tending:
Sprinkling is commonly used to irrigate the turnip until the lifting and irrigation is by gravity (irrigation channel). The drip-drip has not been satisfactory for turnip. The main are tending: thinning; replacing missing for a uniform emergence and a good recovery; the hoeing and buttages vegetative phase.
Fertilization:
In bottom intake, we recommend 20-30 t / ha manure + 70 kg N + 90 kg + 120 kg P2O5 K2O / ha. Cover: 20 kg N + 50 kg + 30 kg P2O5 K2O / ha in full vegetation; 30 kg K2O / ha in early magnification roots. Boron deficiency causes browning of heart.
Main enemies of culture and Controls:
Weeds are a haven for aphids, virus vectors. We must therefore fight against weeds manually and chemically for large areas under cultivation. Cabbage maggot and flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp) are the most formidable insects turnip. Must be treated with various insecticides to prevent habituation to products. Root rot, powdery mildew and viruses are the most difficult diseases to be controlled; performance is severely affected if the attack occurs at the beginning of the season. It is recommended that preventive control by adopting farming practices (rotation), biological (aphid predators) and chemical (alternation of active ingredients).
Harvesting and product handling:
The harvest is done as and sales. It is better to let the green aerial part (sale mounds). A few days after harvest, if the sale could not take place, the leaves are removed (who lost their green) and bulk the roots are sold. The national average yield is 15-16 t / ha.
Terms of good conservation:
0 ° C and 90-95% RH. The vegetable stores well 2-3 weeks.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
Turnip (Brassica napus L; Brassica rapa L; Brassica campestris L) is a biennial plant roots, native to southern Europe and belongs to the botanical family Brassicaceae or crucifers. The consumed part is the fleshy root. The vegetable is rich in Calcium and Vitamin K. In Morocco, the crop is produced everywhere, in the same sites as the carrot, in general.
Pedoclimatic preferences:
Turnip is a cool season crop. The optimum growth is 27 ° C but good growth remains between 10 and 20 ° C. The plant is frost resistant. Long exposure of the culture to cold (temperature below 10 ° C) causes vernalization and bolting. High temperatures reduce the quality of the roots and increase the intensity of their scent. Culture has a wide adaptation to different soils, but prefers a well-drained soil, not rocky, without obstacles in depth. Ideally, a sandy loam soil. The culture tolerates a slight excess of boron, meets the contributions of Mn and Cu. It does not tolerate high salinity. The optimum pH of the soil is of 6 to 6.8.
Varieties, tillage and seeding:
The main varieties used in Morocco are Nantaise force; Hammer; Golden yellow ball; Blanc de Croissy; White globe with green collar. The main varieties are American and Royal Crown Purple Top White Globe. The spread is sexed (for seed); Direct sowing is ultimately up. The number of seeds per gram of seed is from 240-360. Sowing is done throughout the year except December-January (risk of vernalization and bolting). Plowing should be deep. Soil leveling facilitates a homogeneous lifted. Rolling the soil provides a good uniformity of wetting of seeds and germination. Making bowls is a common practice for the cultivation of turnip. The need for seed is 5-6 kg / ha. The arrangement of plants in the field is: Cups of 5 lines, 20 cm apart (between rows); 60 cm between cuvettes; 5- 8 cm between plants in the row. Planting density obtained is 40,000-60,000 plants / ha. Sowing is usually scaled to cope with the market.
Irrigation and tending:
Sprinkling is commonly used to irrigate the turnip until the lifting and irrigation is by gravity (irrigation channel). The drip-drip has not been satisfactory for turnip. The main are tending: thinning; replacing missing for a uniform emergence and a good recovery; the hoeing and buttages vegetative phase.
Fertilization:
In bottom intake, we recommend 20-30 t / ha manure + 70 kg N + 90 kg + 120 kg P2O5 K2O / ha. Cover: 20 kg N + 50 kg + 30 kg P2O5 K2O / ha in full vegetation; 30 kg K2O / ha in early magnification roots. Boron deficiency causes browning of heart.
Main enemies of culture and Controls:
Weeds are a haven for aphids, virus vectors. We must therefore fight against weeds manually and chemically for large areas under cultivation. Cabbage maggot and flea beetle (Phyllotreta sp) are the most formidable insects turnip. Must be treated with various insecticides to prevent habituation to products. Root rot, powdery mildew and viruses are the most difficult diseases to be controlled; performance is severely affected if the attack occurs at the beginning of the season. It is recommended that preventive control by adopting farming practices (rotation), biological (aphid predators) and chemical (alternation of active ingredients).
Harvesting and product handling:
The harvest is done as and sales. It is better to let the green aerial part (sale mounds). A few days after harvest, if the sale could not take place, the leaves are removed (who lost their green) and bulk the roots are sold. The national average yield is 15-16 t / ha.
Terms of good conservation:
0 ° C and 90-95% RH. The vegetable stores well 2-3 weeks.
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II
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